Bell (1973) , recognized that the inflows into Europe in 1970 and 1971, led to increases in European central bank? holdings of dollars. The Bundesbank was affected to a better extent than different central banks, and this was strengthened after February 1971 by speculative stress in opposition to the dollar, and in favour of the DM and to a lesser extent the Swiss-Franc (SFr). Given, that the greenback inflows from the underlying US steadiness of funds deficit, have been maybe solely 1 / 4 of the overall greenback flow into in Western Europe, and Japan over the yr to August 1971 , the Euro-dollar market might have enormously magnified the issue of the greenback. Bell concludes that the existence of the Euro-greenback market most definitely triggered re-alignment and the next breakdown to happen forward of it might have carried out in the absence of a Euro-dollar market.
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